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Table Of Contents

Part 1: Fundamentals of Exercise Therapy

1. Therapeutic Exercise, 2

• History, 3

2. Understanding the Disabled, 6

• Evolution of Adaptive Physical Education for Adults with Disabilities, 7
• Changing Attitudes Towards Disabled Persons, 8
• Role of Exercise for the Disabled, 11

3. Fitness as Therapy, 12

• Proper Exercise Is Therapeutic, 13
• Designed for Action, 14
• Fitness as Medicine, 17
• Use It or Lose It, 17
• Exercise and Disease, 19

4. Functional Fitness, 20

• Summary, 23

5. Fundamentals of Fitness Therapy, 24

• Benefits of Fitness Therapy Programs, 25
• Designing a Fitness Therapy Program, 26
• Exercise Participation Flowchart, 30
• Fundamental Terminology for Fitness Technician, 31
• Proper Body Mechanics for the Instructor, 32
• Effective Teaching Considerations, 34
• Effective Communication Skills, 38

6. Muscles and Movement, 42

• Anatomy for the Fitness Therapy Educator, 43
• Fitness Therapy Kinesiology, 48
• How Muscles Work Together, 59

7. Contraindicated Exercises, 62

• Doing It Right, 63
• Facts and Myths about Exercise, 63
• Risks vs. Benefits, 64
• Beyond the Core, 65
• Exercises to Avoid, 68
• Fitness Therapy Exercise Considerations, 71

Part 2: Fitness Therapy for Chronic Conditions, 73

8. Overview of Chronic Conditions, 74

• Exercise Is for Everyone, 75
• Common Physical Health Problems Seen Among Older Adults, 76
• Thoughts to Share with Clients, 77

9. Cardiorespiratory Conditions, 80

• High Blood Pressure, 81
• Low Blood Pressure, 82
• Heart Disease, 82
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 83
• Asthma, 86

10. Metabolic Cond itions, 88

• Diabetes, 89
• Obesity, 91

11. Neurological Conditions, 94

• Acquired Brain Injury, 95
• Cerebral Vascular Accident, 96
• Epilepsy, 100
• Peripheral Vascular Disease, 103
• Spinal Cord Injury, 104
• Learning Disabilities, 106
• Multiple Sclerosis, 107
• Parkinsons Disease, 109

12. Orthopedic Conditions, 110

• Arthritis, 111
• Fibromyalgia Syndrome, 114
• Neck Problems, 115
• Low Back Problems, 116
• Shoulder Problems, 118
• Hip Problems, 120
• Knee Problems, 120
• Ankle Problems, 121
• Osteoporosis, 122
• Amputations, 123

13. Sensory Impairments, 126

• Auditory Disorders, 127
• Visual Impairments, 127

14. Other Health Conditions 130

• HIV/AIDS, 131
• Cancer, 132
• Pregnancy, 133

Part 3: Adaptive Programming

15. Programming for Ambulation, 136

• Transfers and Ambulation Aids, 137
• Progressive Mobilization, 142
• Ambulation Aids, 143
• Gait Training, 147

16. Programming for Aquatics, 154

• Water Exercise for Special Population, 155
• Fitness Aquatics: Hydrogymnastics, 157
• Assessment of Aquatic Skills, 159

17. Programming for Balance and Perceptual Motor Skills, 166

• Balance Progressions, 169
• Perceptual Motor Skills, 172
• Fine Motor Tasks, 173

18. Programming for Cardiovascular Fitness, 176

• Cardiovascular Exercises, 177
• Karvonens Formulas, 179
• How to Take a Pulse, 180
• Determining Target Heart Rate, 181

19. Programming for Flexibility and Range of Motion, 182

• Flexibility, 183
• Range of Motion, 183
• Programming for Flexibility, 184
• Range-of-Motion Exercises, 186
• Active Range of Motion Worksheet, 189

20. Program for Muscular Strength and Endurance, 190

• General Progressive Resistance Guidelines, 191
• Strength Training, 191
• Terminology, 192
• General Guidelines for Adaptive Weight Training, 196
• Sample Strength Training Program and Exercises, 198

21. Programming for Posture, 206

• Assessment of Posture, 207
• Procedures for Spinal Screening, 210
• Posture Exercises, 211

Part 4: Fitness Therapy Support Materials

Appendix, 215

Abbreviations, 217

Support Materials, 218

Forms, 221

Glossary, 231

Index, 251

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